What Are Polyps and How Do They Affect the GI Tract?

Polyps are small growths that form along the lining of the gastrointestinal tract, often without causing noticeable symptoms. While many polyps are harmless, some develop into serious conditions if left untreated. A colonoscopy is one of the most effective ways to detect and remove these growths early, helping protect long-term digestive health. Here is what to know about polyps and how they affect the GI tract:

Causes of Polyps

A polyp is an abnormal cluster of cells that grows on the inside lining of the colon or rectum. Polyps vary in size and shape, with some flat against the colon wall and others raised on stalks, resembling mushrooms. The exact cause of polyp formation is not always clear, but several factors may increase your risk. Age is a significant factor, and your risk increases with age. A family history of polyps or colorectal cancer plays a role. Knowing your family’s medical history helps assess your own risk. Lifestyle factors such as a high-fat diet, lack of exercise, smoking, and excessive alcohol use may also contribute to the development of polyps.

Effects on the GI Tract

Most polyps do not cause any symptoms, which is why a bowel screening is helpful for detecting them early. When symptoms do occur, they can signal that the polyp is large or that multiple polyps are present. Here is how polyps can affect your GI tract:

Bleeding: Polyps can bleed, leading to rectal bleeding or blood in the stool. This bleeding is often intermittent and may not be visible to the naked eye.
Changes in Bowel Habits: A large polyp can partially obstruct the colon, leading to constipation or diarrhea lasting more than a week.
Abdominal Pain: While less common, a large polyp may cause cramping or abdominal pain.
Obstruction: In rare cases, a very large polyp can block the bowel, which is a serious condition requiring immediate medical attention.

A regular colon exam can detect these growths before they cause symptoms or become serious.

Doctor Methods for Detecting Polyps

The most effective method for detecting and removing polyps is a colonoscopy. A colonoscopy is a direct visual examination that provides a clear view of the colon lining. This procedure allows a doctor to view the entire length of the colon and rectum. During the procedure, the doctor uses a colonoscope, a long, thin, flexible tube with a camera and light at the end.

To prepare for a colon exam, you will need to clean out your colon completely. Your doctor will provide specific instructions for this process. During the colonoscopy, if a polyp is found, the doctor can remove it at the same time. The tissue is then sent to a lab for analysis to determine if it is cancerous.

Treatment and Prevention Options

Early detection and proactive management are fundamental in addressing colon health. Exploring effective treatment and prevention options can improve outcomes. Here are some options for managing and preventing polyps:

Polypectomy: During a colonoscopy, the doctor remove polyps using a wire loop or forceps passed through the colonoscope.
Regular Screenings: Following your doctor’s recommendations for regular colon screenings is a helpful step in preventing polyp-related complications.
Lifestyle Changes: Adopting a healthy lifestyle helps reduce your risk, including eating a healthy diet, maintaining a healthy weight, and exercising regularly.

These measures are fundamental for reducing your risk of developing polyps and colorectal cancer.

Schedule Your Colonoscopy Appointment Today

Polyps are growths in the GI tract that sometimes lead to serious health issues, including colorectal cancer. With regular colon screenings, such as a colonoscopy, they can be detected and removed before they become a problem. Understanding your risk factors and adopting a healthy lifestyle are also key parts of prevention. For a colon screening or concerns about your gastrointestinal health, contact a GI specialist near you to schedule your colonoscopy appointment today.